张骞与汉代苜蓿引入考述(5)

4　小结

综上所述，关于张骞出使西域带归苜蓿种子的认识到目前还不统一，虽然“苜蓿原出大宛，汉使张骞带归中国”已被广泛接受，但缺乏直接的史料证实。从出使西域的背景、动机目的，乃至艰难历程和当时汉朝对苜蓿的需求看，一方面，张骞第一次出使西域不可能带回苜蓿种子；另一方面，在当时的社会需求下，还没有必要带苜蓿种子回来。但第二次是否带回了苜蓿种子，还需进一步深入研究与考证。在张骞带归苜蓿还没有充分证据的情况下，将苜蓿等植物的引入归功于张骞，是人们对他的敬畏和对通西域的纪念，是人们的主观愿望，并非完全符合史实，我们应在尊重史实的基础上认真辨析。尽管这样，张骞为汉朝带回了大宛国盛产苜蓿的信息是确定无疑的，这为后来的“汉使取其实来，于是天子始种苜蓿”奠定了基础。首先张骞通西域为其物产进入我国打开了大门，也为苜蓿引进我国奠定了基础；其次是张骞带回了大宛国不仅有汗血宝马，而且还有其最爱吃的饲草——苜蓿的信息，这条信息为汉武帝后来获得汗血宝马和苜蓿提供了支撑，同时也让西汉人知道了汗血宝马和苜蓿的存在。因此，张骞在苜蓿进入我国的过程中发挥了重要作用。考证张骞对我国汉代苜蓿的贡献，可知汉代苜蓿的来之不易，对我国传统苜蓿生产向现代苜蓿产业转型的今天具有一定的借鉴意义，我们应更加珍惜古代苜蓿的发展成果，并继承发扬之，将我国现代苜蓿产业发展得更好。

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